The loquat is an native plant in East of China. It was introduced in Japan 1000 years ago and domesticated. It was already grown in Greece in 700 B. C. Since then he has gained recognition and popularity as a fruit and ornamental tree worldwide.
How is the loquat and where it grows
The loquat is adapted to a subtropical climate. Where the weather is too warm and humid, the loquat is cultivated for ornamental purposes. Once well established on the ground, the Credit tolerates temperatures between 12 and 26 degrees. Too much heat will cause burns in the leaves.
Important the loquat also receives the names of loquat (from Loquat), Japanese Eriobotryry (from the Latin Eriobotrya Latin) and Shesek (of the Hebrew).
The main world producer of Nísperos is Japan (according to climatic conditions, 5 to 10 thousand tons per year). It is followed by Israel and Brazil. Abjasia, Sochi, Daguestán, Azerbaijan, Germany, Algeria and Spain are other regions of cultivation of Nísperos.
There are about 800 varieties of media. All of them are different from each other. The common external characteristics of the loquat are
- thorns in wild representatives;
- rounded glass;
- small root system (so you have to be careful when taking care of the plant);
- The average height of the tree is 3-4 m (maximum 5-10 m);
- Rigid dark green leaves with pinnate veins and simple hairs (12-24 cm long);
- 30-50 years plant life;
- cone-shaped outbreaks with 6-8 scales;
- 5 petal flowers (about 4 cm in diameter).
The fruits are oval, globular or pear-shaped (about 2. 5-5 cm long). The skin is smooth or spongy and yellow, orange or red. The pulp is white or yellow with sour taste. It contains 3 to 5 brown pepitas. It has a scent of peach and apricot.
Immature fruits and their seeds are dangerous to health, since they contain cyanide. There are varieties of loafers who have cyanid e-rich fruits even when they are mature.
Chemical composition of the Nísperos
In ancient times and the Middle Ages, the manefits were used mainly for food and medicinal purposes. Nowadays, the loquat is more associated with landscaping. However, its edible fruit can be easily bought and enjoyed by its unusual flavor, rich in vitamins and minerals. The weight of a single fruit is 50 grams.
| Chemical composition of the Nísperos | ||
| Substance | Nutrient per 100 g (expressed in mg) | Nutritional value in % of the daily ration |
| Vitamins | ||
| Retinol (vitamin A) | 76 micrograms | 10 |
| Thiamine (B1) | 0. 019 | 2 |
| Riboflavina (B2) | 0. 024 | 2 |
| Niacina (B3) | 0. 18 | 1 |
| Pyridoxin (B6) | 0,1 | 8 |
| Folic acid (B9) | 14 mcg | 4 |
| Ascorbic acid (c) | 1 | 1 |
| Minerals | ||
| Calcium | 16 | 2 |
| Iron | 0. 28 | 2 |
| Magnesium | 13 | 4 |
| Manganese | 0. 148 | 7 |
| Match | 27 | 4 |
| Potassium | 266 | 6 |
| Zinc | 0. 05 | 1 |
| Copper | 0. 04 | 0. 01 |
| Selenium | 0. 6 mcg | 0. 01 |
| Sodium | 1 | — |
| Amino acids | ||
| Tryptophan | 5 | |
| Treonina | 15 | |
| Isoleucine | 15 | |
| Leucine | 26 | |
| Lysine | 23 | |
| Metionine | 4 | |
| Cystine | 6 | |
| Phenylalanine | 14 | |
| Tyrosine | 13 | |
| Valina | 21 | |
| Arginine | 14 | |
| Histidine | 7 | |
| To the girl | 24 | |
| Aspartic acid | 58 | |
| Glutamic acid | 61 | |
| Glycina | 20 | |
| Serine | 20 | |
In the table you can see that there is a small percentage of a huge variety of substances in the marrow. It is better little than anything. Although, if you eat a kilo of this fruit (about 20-30 pieces), you can get enough retinol, vitamin B6 and manganese. Half of the daily ration of folic acid, potassium and phosphorus.
An interesting fact in Europe, the Nísperos were introduced in the 18th century. But today it is only popular as Frutal in Germany. There is even a special German variety called “German Níspero”. It should be noted that the botanists place the Japanese loqual and the German crew in groups of different genres, despite the great resemblance of plants. The Germans prepare a drink called “Mipelhen”, based on apple brandy and manefits (more common in Frankfurt).
Although the fruit has a sour taste, it contains a minimum of ascorbic acid.
Caloric value of the fruit
There are 47 calories (or 197 kJ) per 100 grams of manefits. In addition, the loquat contains
- 0. 43 g proteins;
- 0. 2 g fats;
- Carbohydrates 12. 14 g;
- 1. 7 g of carbohydrates are fiber;
- 86. 73 g of water.
This lo w-calorie fruit is rich in tannins and antioxidants. Sugars constitute about 10% of their pulp.
Nísperos properties
Nísperos may contain tonsil. This toxic substance is also found in apples and almonds. The loquat develops a bitter taste when it contains too much tonsil. Immature fruits are saturated with cyanide and it is dangerous to eat them.
Important! Alternative medicine recommends tonsil for cancer treatment, calling it vitamin B17. But studies carried out by scientists show that it is useless. The tonsilin is a toxic chemical element.
Pepitas of the fruit are used as a spice. In addition, roasted grains are used instead of coffee. The loquat has a diuretic effect. It contains high levels of vitamin A and potassium. It is a key ingredient in Chinese and Japanese phytotherapy.
The lobster is the base of the Chinese syrup “Pei Pa Koa”. Its effectiveness to combat cough, asthma and phlegm has been confirmed by clinical studies of the Chinese Traditional Academy of Medicine. The fruit can only be eaten after a kind of fermentation has occurred inside. Then you will acquire a pasty consistency with a brown cortex.
The fruit contains a 1% of musical and citrus acid, as well as tannins and phytoncidos. In America, the loquat is mainly used in gardening. The tree has a beautiful glass shape, large leaves and a short trunk.
Benefits
The medicinal properties of the loquat were discovered by man thousands of years ago. Beneficial aspects of eriobotria:
- A large number of beneficial substances;
- Contains molecular structure water
- tannins with antimicrobial properties;
- The decoction of the leaves helps against diarrhea;
- saturates the magnesium and pyridoxin organism;
- normalizes the metabolism of lipids;
- Improves the functioning of the kidneys and bladder;
- Antioxidants contained in the fruit prevent the negative effects of free radicals;
- It has a positive effect on the CNS
- Improves memory;
- Plant extract is used to normalize blood sugar levels in diabetics;
- A large number of amino acids normalizes the course of all biochemical processes of the organism.
Pectin and moisture and intestines bassperos retain, acting as a natural laxative. Potassium helps normalize blood pressure. Fiber improves digestion. Acids reduce cholesterol levels. Amino acids improve memory. Antioxidants prevent cell aging.
THE MORERA IN PREGNANCY
The fiber, from which this fruit is full, helps avoid constipation. Pregnant women often face this problem. Many micronutrients received by the future mother when eating loquat, is a kind of cocktail of vitamins for the development fetus.
However, you have to be very careful when eating fruit from the loquat. After all, this fruit can cause allergies and poisoning. For this reason, doctors advise this group of people who eat the medallion after being thermally treated.
NIISPERO FOR BEAUTY
The loquat compensates for the lack of vitamins and minerals. It provides material for the construction of new cells, skin regeneration. Destroy free radicals, does not allow them to destroy body tissues. On the basis of fruit tannins, means to destroy acne and skin rashes are created.
Morera to maintain a thin figure
This lo w-calorie fruit is used to lose weight. Nutritionists recommend obese patients to clean mushrooms. The purest water restores the water balance, something very important for the thinning ones. After all, dehydrated skin tends to get off and lose elasticity during weight loss.
Damage and contraindications
Despite its benefits, the Credit can be harmful. It has contraindications:
- The tonsil and melon cyanide are dangerous. It must consume the immature fruit with a lot of caution. Especially allergic people, pregnant women and young children.
- The loquat contains 10% sugar. Therefore, diabetics must limit the consumption of this fruit.
- Eriobotria has a strong diuretic effect. People who suffer from Urolithiasis should not abuse it;
- Those who have sensitive stomachs with hyperacidity can not appreciate the wonderful properties of the media.
Characteristics of Medicinal Nísperos
Since the loquat was domesticated about 3, 000 years ago, it has developed a wide range of uses:
- In the kitchen, the fruit is used to make jams, jams, it is added to hot salads and dishes;
- Toasted seeds are a coffee substitute
- Improves the taste of alcoholic beverages;
- against cough, gastritis and nausea, dry leaves of the tree are infused;
- The loquat has a pronounced sedative effect;
- The treatment of skin diseases in Chinese medicine is carried out with the help of medicines based on the medicinal leaves of the loquat;
- It is an excellent ornament for the garden or home.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine uses a decoction of loquat leaves to treat diarrhea and poisoning. A paste made with crushed leaves is used to cure wounds. A tincture of parts of the tree is used to treat skin rashes, even those of an infectious nature.
Algarroba tea stimulates estrogen production, normalizes female hormones and treats candidiasis. Japanese Biva Cha tea, based on the medallion leaves with a subtle sweet taste, is used for:
- Cash treatment
- Eczema and other skin diseases;
- bronchitis;
- Type 2 diabetes
- reduce cholesterol levels;
- Improve the cardiovascular system.
In cosmetology
Algarroba is used in cosmetology due to its acid content
- Eliminate acne
- normalize the sebaceous glands;
- Stimulate collagen and elastin production.
The extract of the fruit is used in many creams, tonic, sera and gels. It is also possible to elaborate a cosmetic preparation based on loquats:
- Mix equal amounts of freshly squeezed fruit juice and vodka to clean the skin of eruptions. Liff your face with this solution 1-2 times a day and keep it in a cool place.
- And to hydrate the epidermis, you have to mix cream, loquat pulp and carrot seed oil. The mixture should not be left for more than an hour.
In the kitchen
The refined peach and apple flavor of this fruit is used in kitchen to prepare
- Jam;
- Jams
- Jellies;
- Fish and meats (birds are filled with fruit and baked);
- Salads;
- Cake shop;
- Decoration of alcoholic beverages.
Jam
Eriobothria’s jam is similar to that of plum, peach and apple at the same time. To make such a delight you need
- Peel the fruit without peel or pepitas;
- Cut the pulp into medium pieces
- Make a syrup;
- Add the pieces of fruit;
- Keep boiling for 25 minutes, stirring continuously.
Some housewives try to improve jam by adding lemon, apples and cherries. But it is better not to mix it with other berries and fruits so as not to spoil its unusual flavor.
Liqueur
With the loquat is an unsurpassed liquor. This liquor is a traditional drink in Italy. It is infused with mixed seeds. Its flavor is similar to that of Amaretto cherries, but without almond notes.
Basic Conservation Date and Standards
The ripe fruit in spring (in May or April). Immature fruits have a clearly acidic flavor. The green and mature manelets should be matured a few days in a dark place.
A mature loquat has an intense orange and a soft pulp, and spoils very quickly. In three days, the fruit begins to ferment and rot. So keep it in the fridge and ask him as soon as possible.
If you can’t eat all the manefits in a short time, you can keep them. In this case, the loss of vitamins will not be serious and the fruit will be kept.
